Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer

Hubungan antara kalori total, protein, rasio protein: Kalori pada makanan pendamping ASI dan pola pemberian susu dengan stunting pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di Kenjeran, Surabaya, Indonesia



Abstract

Abstrak

Pendahuluan: ASI tidak mencukupi lagi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan seorang anak saat usia >6 bulan. Kejadian stunting meningkat pada periode ini. MPASI memegang peran penting pada periode ini. Kandungan kalori dan protein yang adekuat dari makanan yang dikonsumsi menentukan pertumbuhan seorang anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hubungan antara total kalori, protein, rasio protein:kalori dari MPASI dan pola pemberian susu dengan stunting pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di Kenjeran, Surabaya.

Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian potong-lintang pada anak-anak berusia 6-24 bulan, menggunakan total sampling dari anak-anak yang menghadiri posyandu di Kecamatan Kenjeran Surabaya dari tanggal 1 Mei 2018 sampai 31 Mei 2018.

Hasil: Penelitian ini mendapatkan 45 anak dengan usia median 15,13 (6,4-23,67) bulan, 17 (37,8%) anak berusia 6-12 bulan dan 28 (62,2%) anak berusia 13-24 bulan. Jenis kelamin lelaki sebanyak 25 (55,6%). Stunting terdapat pada 18 (40%) anak. Rerata kalori MPASI pada kelompok stunting adalah 37% dari kebutuhan dan 36% dari kebutuhan pada kelompok tanpa stunting. Kalori, protein, dan rasio protein:kalori dari MPASI yang diberikan tidak berhubungan dengan stunting [exp(B)=0,031(IK95%=0,000 sampai 1503), p=0,528; exp(B)=4,451(IK95%=0,254 sampai 78,034), p=0,307; (exp(B)=1,030 (IK95%=0,861 sampai 1,232), p=0,745, berturut-turut]. Pola pemberian susu yaitu ASI, kelompok usia 13-24 bulan, dan penghasilan keluarga <Rp.3.500.000 berhubungan dengan stunting [exp(B)=176,730 (IK95%=2,46 sampai 15270), p=0,023; exp(B)=51,278 (IK95%=1,752 sampai 1501), p=0,022; exp(B)=127,713 (IK95%=1,455 ampai 11210), p=0,034, berturut-turut].

Simpulan: Kalori, protein, rasio protein:kalori MPASI tidak berhubungan dengan stunting, sedangkan pola pemberian susu yaitu ASI memiliki hubungan dengan stunting.


Abstract

Introduction: Breast milk hasn’t enough to meet children requirement at the age of >6 months. Prevalence of stunting increase in this period. Complementary food (CF) plays an important role in this period. Calorie and protein of CF determine children growth. The purposes of this study were to prove the relationships of CF (total calories, protein, protein:calorie ratio) and milk feeding pattern with stunting in children aged 6-24 months in Kenjeran, Surabaya.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional study. Children aged 6-24 months (May 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018) who were attending Posyandu at Kenjeran District (Surabaya) were included in this study, using total sampling.

Result: There were 45 children included in this study (median age 15.13 (6.4-23.67) months), 17 (37.8%) children aged 6-12 months and 28 (62.2%) children aged 13-24 months. There were 25 (55.6%) male. Stunting was present in 18 (40%) children. The average of CF calories in stunting group was 37% of requirement and in no stunting group was 36% of requirement. Calorie, protein, and protein:calorie ratio of CF had no relationship with stunting [exp(B)=0.031(95% CI=0.000 to 1503), p=0.528; exp(B)=4.451(95% CI=0.254 to 78.034), p=0.307; (exp(B)=1.030 (95% CI=0.861 to 1.232), p=0.745, respectively]. Milk feeding pattern (breast milk), age group 13-24 months and family income < IDR 3,500,000 had relationship with stunting [exp(B)=176.730 (95% CI=2.46 to 15270), p=0.023; exp(B)=51.278 (95% CI=1.752 to 1501), p=0.022; exp(B)=127.713 (95% CI=1.455 to 11210), p=0.034, respectively].

Conclusion: Calories, protein, protein:calorie ratio of CF has no relationship with stunting, while milk feeding pattern (breast milk) has a relationship with stunting.


Keywords: complementary food stunting calorie protein milk feeding pattern

References

  1. Slade A. Failure to thrive. InnovAiT. 2010;3(12):719–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/innovait/inq063
  2. Cole SZ, Lanham JS. Failure to thrive: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(7):829-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21524049
  3. Olsen EM, Skovgaard AM, Weile B, Jørgensen T. Risk factors for failure to thrive in infancy depend on the anthropometric definitions used: the Copenhagen County child cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007;21(5):418-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00851.x
  4. Gahagan S, Holmes R. A stepwise approach to evaluation of undernutrition and failure to thrive. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1998;45(1):169-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70588-5
  5. Daniel M, Kleis L, Cemeroglu AP. Etiology of failure to thrive in infants and toddlers referred to a pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006;47(8):762-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922808316989
  6. Schwartz ID. Failure to thrive: an old nemesis in the new millennium. Pediatr Rev. 2000;21(8):257-64. http://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/21/8/257.long
  7. Wright CM. Identification and management of failure to thrive: a community perspective. Arch Dis Child. 2000;82:5–9. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/adc.82.1.5
  8. Gahagan S. Failure to thrive: a consequence of undernutrition. Pediatrics in Review. 2006;27(1):e1-11. http://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/27/1/e1
  9. Din ZU, Emmett P, Steer C, Emond A. Growth outcome of weight faltering in infancy in ALSPAC. Pediatrics. 2013;131(3): e843-9. https://doi.org/ 10.1542/peds.2012-0764
  10. Chatoor I, Surles J, Ganiban J, BekerL L, Paez LMW, Kerzner B. Failure to thrive and cognitive development in toddlers with infantile anorexia. Pediatrics. 2004;113 (5):e440-7. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15121987
  11. Black MM, Dubowitz H, Krishnakumar A, Starr RH. Early intervention and recovery among children with failure to thrive: follow-up at age 8. Pediatrics. 2007;120:59-69. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/120/1/59.full.pdf
  12. Emond AM, Blair PS, Emmett PM, Drewett RF. Weight faltering in infancy and IQ levels at 8 years in the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e1051-8. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/120/4/e1051.long
  13. Holme AR, Blair PS, Emond AM. Psychosocial and educational outcomes of weight faltering in infancy in ALSPAC. BMJ Open. 2013;3:1-10. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002863
  14. De Onis M, Blossner M, Borghi E. Prevalence and trends of stunting among pre-school children,1990–2020. Public Health Nutrition. 2012;15(1):142-8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011001315
  15. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Potret Sehat Indonesia dari Riskesdas 2018. 2 November 2018 [Diakses tanggal 30 Januari 2019]. Tersedia di: http://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/18110200003/potret-sehat-indonesia-dari-riskesdas-2018.html
  16. Prendergast AJ, Humphrey JH. The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatrics and International Child Health. 2014;34(4): 250-65. https://doi.org/10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000158
  17. Islam MM, Sanin KI, Mahfuz M, Ahmed AMS, Mondal D, Haque R, Ahmed T. 2018. Risk factors of stunting among children living in an urban slum of Bangladesh: findings of a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:197 (1-13). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5101-x
  18. Arsenault JE, Brown KH. Dietary protein intake in young children in selected low-income countries is generally adequate in relation to estimated requirements for healthy children, except when complementary food intake is low. J Nutr. 2017;147:932–9. https://doi.org/ 10.3945/jn.116.239657
  19. Ubeysekara NH, Jayathissa R, Wijesinghe CJ. Nutritional status and associated feeding practices among children aged 6-24 months in a selected community in Sri Lanka: A cross sectional study. European Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2015;3(2-1): 15-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.s.2015030201.14
  20. Semali IA, Tengia-Kessy A, Mmbaga EJ, Leyna G. Prevalence and determinants of stunting in under-five children in central Tanzania: remaining threats to achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2507-6
  21. Lestari W, Margawati A, Rahfiludin MZ. Faktor risiko stunting pada anak umur 6-24 bulan di kecamatan Penanggalan kota Subulussalam provinsi Aceh Jurnal Gizi Indonesia. 2014;3(1):37-45. https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.3.1.126-134
  22. Alam MA, Mahfuz M, Islam MM, Mondal D, Ahmed AMS, Haque R, dkk. Contextual Factors for Stunting Among Children of Age 6 to 24 Months in an Under-Privileged Community of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Indian Pediatrics. 2017;54:373-6. https://www.indianpediatrics.net/may2017/373.pdf

How to Cite

Pratiwi, I. G. A. P. E., Irawan, R., & Hidayat, B. (2019). Hubungan antara kalori total, protein, rasio protein: Kalori pada makanan pendamping ASI dan pola pemberian susu dengan stunting pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di Kenjeran, Surabaya, Indonesia. Medicina, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.15562/medicina.v50i3.627
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

HTML
89

Total
60

Share

Search Panel

I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi
Google Scholar
Pubmed
Medicina Journal

Roedi Irawan
Google Scholar
Pubmed
Medicina Journal

Boerhan Hidayat
Google Scholar
Pubmed
Medicina Journal