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Kadar serum interleukin-10 yang rendah sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya preeklampsia



Abstract

Latar Belakang: Preeklampsia digambarkan sebagai sindrom khusus kehamilan yang dapat mengenai setiap sistem organ dan merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian ibu dan bayi di dunia, serta penyebab kematian ibu nomor dua tertinggi setelah perdarahan di Indonesia. Salah satu teori yang banyak dipelajari adalah maladaptasi imun dimana peran sistem imun dalam kehamilan sebagai sistem kekebalan tubuh ibu. Penanda maladaptasi imun yang diduga paling berperan pada patogenesis preeklamsia saat ini adalah IL-10.

Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh interleukin-10 serum pada ibu hamil sebagai faktor resiko terjadinya preeklampsia. 

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus-kontrol yang dilakukan pada Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dan Laboratorium Prodia selama 6 bulan, dari Juni 2017 sampai dengan Desember 2017. Sampel adalah ibu hamil tunggal hidup di atas 20 minggu yang memenuhi kriteria dan bersedia ikut serta dalam penelitian. Total sejumlah 60 sampel yang terdiri atas 30 preeklamsia dan 30 kehamilan normal. Kedua kelompok diukur kadar total serum IL-10 kemudian dilakukan analisis dengan Chi square.

Hasil: Dengan uji Chi-Square menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara kadar IL-10 dengan preeklampsia. Rendahnya kadar IL-10 mempunyai risiko 5,5 kali lebih tinggi terhadap terjadinya preeklampsia (OR = 5,5, IK 95% = 1,81-16,68, p = 0,002) dibandingkan dengan kadar IL-10 yang tinggi.

Kesimpulan: Kadar serum IL-10 yang rendah merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya preeklamsia.

 

Introduction: Preeclampsia described as a special syndrome of pregnancy that can affect every organ system and is one of the leading causes of maternal and infant deaths in the world, as well as the second leading cause of maternal death after bleeding in Indonesia. One of the most studied theories is immune maladaptation in which the role of the immune system in pregnancy as the mother’s immune system. The most prominent immune maladaptation marker in the current pathogenesis of preeclampsia is Interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of IL-10 in the mechanism of the occurrence of preeclampsia.

Methods: This study is a case-control study conducted at the Department / KSM Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar and Prodia Laboratory for 6 months, from June 2017 to December 2017. The sample is a single pregnancy over 20 weeks fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 60 samples consisted of 30 preeclampsia as case group and 30 without preeclampsia as a control group. In both groups measured total serum levels of Interleukin-10 than analyzed by Chi Square test.

Results: The result from Chie Square test showed a relationship between IL-10 and preeclampsia. The low levels of IL-10 had a 5.5 times higher risk of preeclampsia (OR = 5.5, 95% IK = 1.81-16.68, p = 0.002) compared with high IL-10 levels.

Conclusion: It was concluded that low-level IL-10 was a risk factor for preeclampsia.

Keywords: Kehamilan Preeklampsia Immunologi Interleukin 10

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How to Cite

Yusrizal, A., Surya, I., & Sanjaya, I. H. (2019). Kadar serum interleukin-10 yang rendah sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya preeklampsia. Medicina, 50(2). https://doi.org/10.15562/medicina.v50i2.533
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