Sindrom rubella kongenital: sebuah studi kasus

Made Nindya Prahasari Wismawan; Romy  Windiyanto

doi:10.15562/medicina.v54i2.1242

Sindrom rubella kongenital: sebuah studi kasus

Made Nindya Prahasari Wismawan ,

Romy Windiyanto ,

pdf |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/medicina.v54i2.1242 |
Published: 2023-06-28

Abstract

Background: Rubella is viral disease characterized by maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, and fever. Transmission of Rubella infection may occur through direct contact, nasopharyngeal droplets, or direct transmission in pregnancy. This case report aims to present a case of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in female baby with chief complain of unilateral cataract.

Case presentation: A 1-day-old female baby arrived at our center with a chief complain of unilateral cataract in the right eye. Physical examination revealed microcephaly and third-degree continuous murmur below left clavicula. Laboratory examination showed an increase in lymphocyte and immature to total neutrophil ratio (IT ratio) with neutropenia. Patient was then diagnosed with CRS with congenital cataract, non-cyanotic congenital heart disease, and microcephaly.

Conclusion: CRS is a constellation of symptoms caused by Rubella infection during pregnancy. Risk of developing CRS typically decreased with increasing gestational age. Prevention of CRS was done with immunization such as MR and MMR.

Pendahuluan: Rubella merupakan penyakit virus yang ditandai dengan ruam makulopapular, limfadenopati, dan demam yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus Rubella. Penularan Rubella dapat melalui kontak langsung, droplet sekret nasofaring, atau penyebaran langsung pada ibu hamil. Studi ini bermaksud melaporkan kasus sindrom rubella kongenital (SRK) pada bayi perempuan dengan keluhan utama katarak unilateral.

Presentasi kasus: Seorang bayi perempuan berusia 1 hari datang dengan keluhan utama terdapat katarak unilateral pada mata kanan. Terdapat mikrosefali dan kelainan bunyi jantung berupa murmur kontinu di bawah klavikula kiri derajat III. Pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan peningkatan limfosit, peningkatan rasio neutrofil imatur/total (IT ratio), dan neutropenia. Pasien didiagnosis SRK dengan katarak kongenital, penyakit jantung bawaan asianotik, dan mikrosefali.

Simpulan: Sindrom rubella kongenital (SRK) adalah kumpulan gejala yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Rubella yang terjadi selama kehamilan. Risiko terjadinya CRS akan menurun seiring dengan peningkatan usia kehamilan ibu. Pemeriksaan klinis dan tes penunjang digunakan untuk menentukan klasifikasi penyakit ini. Pencegahan SRK dapat dilakukan melalui imunisasi seperti MR dan MMR.

References

Wijana W, Ulfa A. ABR profile in children with congenital rubella syndrome at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Oto Rhino Laryngol Indones. 2019;49(1):29.
World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Surveillance of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the Western Pacific Region. 2022;2–41.
Ditjen PP & PL. Pedoman Surveilans Congenital Rubella Syndrome. 2015.
Bouthry E, Picone O, Hamdi G, Grangeot-Keros L, Ayoubi JM, Vauloup-Fellous C. Rubella and pregnancy: Diagnosis, management and outcomes. Prenat Diagn. 2014;34(13):1246–53.
Leung KKY, Hon KL, Yeung A, Leung AKC, Man E. Congenital infections in Hong Kong: An overview of TORCH. Hong Kong Med J. 2020;26(2):127–38.
Nagasawa K, Ishiwada N, Ogura A, Ogawa T, Takeuchi N, Hishiki H, et al. Congenital rubella syndrome: A case report on changes in viral load and rubella antibody titers. Pediatrics. 2016;137(5).
Nguyen T Van, Pham VH, Abe K. Pathogenesis of Congenital Rubella Virus Infection in Human Fetuses: Viral Infection in the Ciliary Body Could Play an Important Role in Cataractogenesis. EBioMedicine. 2015;2(1):59–63.
Mets MB, Chhabra MS. Eye Manifestations of Intrauterine Infections and Their Impact on Childhood Blindness. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53(2):95–111.
Gomela Tricia, Eyeal Fabien BF. Rubella. In: Neonatology management, procedures, on-call problems, diseases, and drugs. 10th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education; 2020. p. 1171–4.
Khazaeni LM. Ocular complications of congenital infections. Neoreviews. 2017;18(2):e100–4.
Vijayalakshmi P, Kakkar G, Samprathi A, Banushree R. Ocular manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome in a developing country. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2002;50(4):307–11.
Oster ME, Riehle-Colarusso T, Correa A. An update on cardiovascular malformations in congenital rubella syndrome. Birth Defects Res Part A - Clin Mol Teratol. 2010;88(1):1–8.
Mekonnen D. Clinically Confirmed Congenital Rubella Syndrome: The Role of Echocardiography. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2017;27(2):197–202.
Toizumi M, Do CGT, Motomura H, Do TN, Fukunaga H, Iijima M, et al. Characteristics of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1): 17105.
Martínez-Quintana E, Rodríguez-González F, Junquera-Rionda P. Congenital rubella syndrome and left pulmonary artery sling. Eur Respir J. 2012;39(2):495–6.
Gupta S, Verma S, Dash N, Goel M, Rawat A, Singh MP, et al. Congenital Rubella: A Salient Cause of Congenital Heart Defects in Infants. J Trop Pediatr. 2021;67(2): fmab044.
Schneider DJ, Moore JW. Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Circulation. 2006 Oct 24;114(17):1873–82.
Sathanandam SK, Gutfinger D, O’Brien L, Forbes TJ, Gillespie MJ, Berman DP, et al. Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder clinical trial for percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in patients ≥700 grams. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96(6):1266–76.
Ershad M, Mostafa A, Dela Cruz M, Vearrier D. Neonatal Sepsis. Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep. 2019 Sep 19;7(3):83–90.
Michael F, Mirambo MM, Lyimo D, Kyesi F, Msanga DR, Joachim G, et al. Reduction in Rubella Virus Active Cases among Children and Adolescents after Rubella Vaccine Implementation in Tanzania: A Call for Sustained High Vaccination Coverage. Vaccines. 2022;10(8):1188.

[1] Wijana W, Ulfa A. ABR profile in children with congenital rubella syndrome at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Oto Rhino Laryngol Indones. 2019;49(1):29.

[2] World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Surveillance of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the Western Pacific Region. 2022;2–41.

[3] Ditjen PP & PL. Pedoman Surveilans Congenital Rubella Syndrome. 2015.

[4] Bouthry E, Picone O, Hamdi G, Grangeot-Keros L, Ayoubi JM, Vauloup-Fellous C. Rubella and pregnancy: Diagnosis, management and outcomes. Prenat Diagn. 2014;34(13):1246–53.

[5] Leung KKY, Hon KL, Yeung A, Leung AKC, Man E. Congenital infections in Hong Kong: An overview of TORCH. Hong Kong Med J. 2020;26(2):127–38.

[6] Nagasawa K, Ishiwada N, Ogura A, Ogawa T, Takeuchi N, Hishiki H, et al. Congenital rubella syndrome: A case report on changes in viral load and rubella antibody titers. Pediatrics. 2016;137(5).

[7] Nguyen T Van, Pham VH, Abe K. Pathogenesis of Congenital Rubella Virus Infection in Human Fetuses: Viral Infection in the Ciliary Body Could Play an Important Role in Cataractogenesis. EBioMedicine. 2015;2(1):59–63.

[8] Mets MB, Chhabra MS. Eye Manifestations of Intrauterine Infections and Their Impact on Childhood Blindness. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53(2):95–111.

[9] Gomela Tricia, Eyeal Fabien BF. Rubella. In: Neonatology management, procedures, on-call problems, diseases, and drugs. 10th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education; 2020. p. 1171–4.

[10] Khazaeni LM. Ocular complications of congenital infections. Neoreviews. 2017;18(2):e100–4.

[11] Vijayalakshmi P, Kakkar G, Samprathi A, Banushree R. Ocular manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome in a developing country. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2002;50(4):307–11.

[12] Oster ME, Riehle-Colarusso T, Correa A. An update on cardiovascular malformations in congenital rubella syndrome. Birth Defects Res Part A - Clin Mol Teratol. 2010;88(1):1–8.

[13] Mekonnen D. Clinically Confirmed Congenital Rubella Syndrome: The Role of Echocardiography. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2017;27(2):197–202.

[14] Toizumi M, Do CGT, Motomura H, Do TN, Fukunaga H, Iijima M, et al. Characteristics of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1): 17105.

[15] Martínez-Quintana E, Rodríguez-González F, Junquera-Rionda P. Congenital rubella syndrome and left pulmonary artery sling. Eur Respir J. 2012;39(2):495–6.

[16] Gupta S, Verma S, Dash N, Goel M, Rawat A, Singh MP, et al. Congenital Rubella: A Salient Cause of Congenital Heart Defects in Infants. J Trop Pediatr. 2021;67(2): fmab044.

[17] Schneider DJ, Moore JW. Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Circulation. 2006 Oct 24;114(17):1873–82.

[18] Sathanandam SK, Gutfinger D, O’Brien L, Forbes TJ, Gillespie MJ, Berman DP, et al. Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder clinical trial for percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in patients ≥700 grams. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96(6):1266–76.

[19] Ershad M, Mostafa A, Dela Cruz M, Vearrier D. Neonatal Sepsis. Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep. 2019 Sep 19;7(3):83–90.

[20] Michael F, Mirambo MM, Lyimo D, Kyesi F, Msanga DR, Joachim G, et al. Reduction in Rubella Virus Active Cases among Children and Adolescents after Rubella Vaccine Implementation in Tanzania: A Call for Sustained High Vaccination Coverage. Vaccines. 2022;10(8):1188.

Sindrom rubella kongenital: sebuah studi kasus

Abstract

References

How to Cite

Search Panel