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Hubungan antara kejadian hiperemesis gravidarum dan dukungan psikososial dengan kejadian depresi pada ibu hamil di kota Denpasar, Bali



Abstract

Background: Depression in pregnant women in Bali is still getting very little attention. This study aimed to determine the proportion of depression based on socio-demographic characteristics and the condition of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women who underwent regular examinations to the Maternal and Child Health polyclinic (KIA) at the Puskesmas in the City of Denpasar.

Method: This study applied cross sectional analytical method. A total of 120 pregnant women were involved in this study, which was selected by using cluster sampling technique based on the location of the Puskesmas representing the sub-districts in Denpasar. Interviews were conducted in August 2018, where depression status was screened using the Edinburgh Pre-Post-natal Depression Scale questionnaire (EPDS).  

Result: In this study it was found that the proportion of pregnant women experiencing hyperemesis was 74.2%, of which only 3.4% belonged to the category of severe hyperemesis. The proportion of depression in pregnant women included in this study was 27.5%. The greater proportion of depression events was found in the age group of 20 years or younger compared to the age group older than 20 years (55.6% versus 25.2%; p = 0.05); and in the group of pregnant women who have not / have not married. Based on the current hyperemesis condition, the proportion of depression is more prevalent in pregnant women who experience severe and moderate hyperemesis (33.3% and 27.8%) as compared to mild hyperemesis (24%), but the difference in this proportion is not significant (p = 0.884).  

Conclusion: The proportion of depression which was found in this study is quite high as compared to the prevalence of depression in other studies in the world, so further studies are needed for identifying the need for treatment and prevention.

 

Latar Belakang: Depresi pada ibu hamil di Bali masih sangat kurang mendapatkan perhatian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi depresi berdasarkan karakteristik sosio-demografis dan kondisi hiperemesis gravidarum ibu hamil yang menjalani pemeriksaan rutin ke poliklinik Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) di Puskesmas di wilayah Kota Denpasar.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik cross sectional. Sebanyak 120 orang ibu hamil terlibat dalam penelitian ini, yang dipilih dengan acak sederhana didasarkan atas letak puskesmas mewakili wilayah kecamatan di Denpasar. Wawancara dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2018, di mana status depresi diskrining dengan menggunakan kuesioner Edinburgh Pre-Post-natal Depresion Scale (EPDS). Data diuji secara univariate dan multivariate menggunakan software SPSS versi 21.

Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan proporsi ibu hamil yang mengalami hiperemesis adalah sebesar 74,2%, di mana hanya 3,4% nya termasuk dalam kategori hyperemesis berat. Proporsi depresi pada wanita hamil yang menjadi sampel penelitian ini adalah sebesar 27,5%. Proporsi kejadian depresi yang lebih besar ditemukan pada kelompok umur 20 tahun ke bawah dibandingkan kelompok umur di atas 20 tahun (55,6% berbanding 25,2%; p=0,05); dan pada kelompok ibu hamil yang belum/tidak kawin. Berdasarkan derajat hiperemesis saat ini, proporsi depresi lebih banyak ditemukan pada ibu hamil yang mengalami hiperemesis berat dan sedang (33,3% dan 27,8%) dibandingkan dengan hiperemesis ringan (24%), namun perbedaan proporsi ini tidak signifikan (p=0,884).

Kesimpulan: Proporsi depresi yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan prevalensi depresi pada penelitian lain di dunia, sehingga diperlukan studi lebih lanjut untuk upaya penanggulangannya. 

Keywords: Depresi Hyperemesis Ibu hamil Denpasar

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How to Cite

Aryani, P., Komang Ayu Kartika Sari, Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana, I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra, & Setiawan, P. A. (2021). Hubungan antara kejadian hiperemesis gravidarum dan dukungan psikososial dengan kejadian depresi pada ibu hamil di kota Denpasar, Bali. Medicina, 52(3), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.15562/medicina.v52i3.1053
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Komang Ayu Kartika Sari
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